Characterization of pediatric patients with tumor oncological diagnosis using the immunohistochemistry technique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61997/bjm.v14i2.476Keywords:
Antigens, Neoplasm, Biomarkers, Tumor, Pediatrics, ImmunohistochemistryAbstract
Background: Immunohistochemistry is an immunostaining technique that uses specific antibodies to detect antigens in cellular and extracellular tissues that guide the diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms. Objective: To characterize pediatric patients with tumor oncological diagnosis using the immunohistochemical technique. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study, carried out in the Pediatric Hemato-oncology Service and the Pathology Department of the Hospital Escuela, where the immunohistochemistry laboratory has been operating since 2019. 458 clinical records of pediatric patients who were managed during the study period with tumor oncological diagnosis were reviewed, and 122 which had an immunohistochemical report were selected. For the analysis, tables and graphs of frequencies and percentages, central tendency and dispersion measures were generated. Results: The mean age was 9.9 (SD+/-4.9; range: 6 months to 16 years), male 56.6% (69/122); urban origin 78.7% (96/122). The immunohistochemistry report was positive for 95.9% (117/122) of tumoral neoplasia, identifying the antigen specifically associated with lymphomas, Ewing tumors and germ cell tumors. 23.8% of the patients died (29/122); with statistical association between start of management only with histopathology report and hospital discharge condition (alive/died) (p=0.013). Conclusions: The immunohistochemistry testing demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity, with a low false-negative rate and adequate correlation with histopathology, contributing to the correct identification of the tumor marker.
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